Valentine's Day may trace back to Roman fertility festivals like Lupercalia.
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The church connected it to St. Valentine, though multiple martyrs existed.
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Geoffrey Chaucer romanticized the day in the 14th century, associating it with courtly love.
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The Duke of Orleans sent the oldest known Valentine's Day card from the Tower of London.
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By the 18th century, exchanging cards and gifts became popular, leading to commercialization.
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Elaborate cards and love notes flourished in the Victorian era, shaping modern expressions of love.
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The heart shape became synonymous with love in the 19th century, further popularized by Valentine's Day.
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Today, Valentine's Day is a worldwide celebration of love, marked by diverse customs and expressions.
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